Diphtheria

Up to 10% of people with diphtheria die from complications.²

Usually through inhaling infected droplets spread by coughing or sneezing.⁴ It is also transmitted by prolonged close contact with someone infected with the bacteria which cause the disease, including sharing items such as cutlery, clothing or bedding.¹

Common in many countries in Asia, the Middle East, eastern Europe, the Caribbean and the South Pacific (see map), while outbreaks have also been reported in other countries.^1,4

The main symptom is a grey/white membrane (coating) in the throat which can lead to difficulty in breathing or swallowing.^1,4 It can also cause fever, sore throat and swollen glands in the neck.¹

Severe diphtheria can cause difficulty breathing which can be fatal.⁴ There may also be serious effects on the heart and nervous system.⁶ It can require a stay in hospital and you may need to get prompt treatment with antibiotics and antitoxin.⁴

You can take the following precautions to help reduce your risk of infection:

• Visit your nearest convenient pharmacy or specialist travel health clinic for a risk assessment before your trip
• Wash your hands frequently, either with soap and water or alcohol-based sanitisers⁵
• Avoid contact with people who have symptoms of respiratory illness⁵
• Avoid sharing personal items such as eating and drinking utensils¹